CCNA Basics - Basic Wireless Devices

In fact, a simple wireless network (WLAN) is simpler than a wired LAN, because for the basic wireless network to function properly, only two main devices are required: a wireless access point and a wireless network card (NIC).
1. Wireless access point:
In most wired networks, there are central components such as switches that connect the hosts so they can communicate with each other. The same is true for wireless networks, which also include components that connect all wireless devices, but such components are called wireless access points (APs). A wireless access point has at least one antenna, but to better receive signals, there are usually two antennas; it also has an Ethernet port for connecting to a wired network.

The access point has the following characteristics:

It acts like a switch and hub in a wired network and acts as a central point of attachment for wireless workstations. Given the half-duplex nature of wireless networks, APs are more like hubs, although in today's wired networks, hubs are hard to find.
An AP has at least one antenna, but usually two or more.
The AP is a bridge to the wired network, allowing wireless workstations to access the wired network and the Internet.
Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) APs come in two categories: stand-alone APs and wireless routers that may (and usually do) provide features such as NAT and DHCP.

The AP can be compared to a hub (although this analogy is not completely correct) because it does not make each connection a separate collision domain like a switch, but the AP is indeed smarter than a hub. An AP is a forwarding device that forwards network traffic to a wired backbone or wireless zone. The connection to the wired network is called a Distribution System (DS). The AP also stores MAC address information in the wireless frame.

2. Wireless Network Interface Card (WNIC):

To connect to a wireless network, the host must have a wireless network interface card. The wireless NIC does the same thing as a traditional Ethernet NIC, but does not have a jack/port for plugging in the cable, but is equipped with a wireless antenna.
Currently, almost all laptops on the market have built-in wireless network cards.

3. wireless antenna:
The wireless antenna works in conjunction with the transceiver. Currently, there are two types of antennas on the market: omnidirectional antennas (point to multipoint) and directional antennas (point to point).
With the same gain, directional antennas typically have a larger coverage than omnidirectional antennas. Because the directional antenna uses all of its power in one direction. An omnidirectional antenna must distribute power equally across all directions, like a giant toroid. One disadvantage of directional antennas is that the communication points must be aligned more accurately. This is why most APs use omnidirectional antennas because the client and other APs may be in any direction, but the office/home/business needs are different, and the location of the antenna must be carefully considered before installing the wireless network.

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